Kill the bill. Keep the lights on.

It depends on the system. On-grid systems shut down during an outage — by design, for line-worker safety. Hybrid systems switch to battery in milliseconds and keep your essential circuits running. Off-grid systems never notice, because they don't use the grid at all. If load-shedding is why you're going solar, you want hybrid.

You can still export surplus solar to the grid through a bidirectional meter with DISCO approval — but the rules shifted to a net-billing model, and export is now credited at a much lower rate than the units you buy. Practical consequence: exporting is a bonus, not the business case. Systems should be sized for self-consumption first, which is why hybrid systems with storage now beat oversized on-grid systems for most buyers. We design around the current rules and handle the complete DISCO application either way.

Rule of thumb: 80–100 sq ft per kW for standard residential panels. A 5 kW system needs roughly 450–500 sq ft of unshaded, structurally sound roof. Orientation and shading matter as much as area — that's exactly what the free site survey establishes.

Panels generate in daylight, not just direct sun — expect roughly 30–60% of rated output on overcast days, and reduced totals in monsoon weeks. We size systems against Karachi's full-year solar data, not the best month. Dust is the bigger enemy: a simple monthly wash typically recovers 5–15% of lost output.